How to grow basil

Pinch off flower buds and harvest from the top to keep plants bushy.

Spacing4 per square foot
Plant out2 weeks after your last spring frost
Days to harvest50–70
FrostKilled by frost
HowDirect-sow or transplant
Family Herbs

Rotation and family

Basil belongs to the herbs (Lamiaceae / Apiaceae). Small footprint; many attract pollinators and predatory insects.

It can fill gaps in any bed of your rotation.

Plan basil in your garden

When to plant basil by zone

ZoneStart indoorsSow / plant out
3Apr 8 – Apr 22Jun 3 – Jun 24
4Mar 31 – Apr 14May 26 – Jun 16
5Mar 19 – Apr 2May 14 – Jun 4
6Mar 9 – Mar 23May 4 – May 25
7Feb 25 – Mar 11Apr 22 – May 13
8Feb 12 – Feb 26Apr 9 – Apr 30
9Jan 11 – Jan 25Mar 8 – Mar 29
10Dec 21 – Jan 4Feb 15 – Mar 8

Based on typical frost dates for each zone; b half-zones run about a week earlier in spring. Zones 11–13 are frost-free in most years.

Basil questions

When should I plant basil?

Plant basil outdoors 2 weeks after your last spring frost. Start seeds indoors about 6 weeks before your last frost.

How far apart should I plant basil?

About 6 inches apart, or 4 per square foot in a square foot garden.

What grows well with basil?

Traditional companions include asparagus, eggplant, pepper, tomato. Keep it away from sage.

How long does basil take to grow?

Typically 50–70 days from sowing to first harvest, depending on variety and weather.